HERE IS WHAT STEVE HAS TO ADD...(020202)
From: Steve Wilson <SteveWlson@aol.com>
Subject: Re: Rudder
Hi Jack (can we say that?)...
For the sake of brevity I will assume the airplane is rigged
right and you have read and heeded Ed's note.
The Swift is a peculiar
animal. I have flown numerous tail draggers, and the Swift
is like none of them! Well, maybe BE-18 has similar traits.
The stock airplane has a straight engine mount, unlike some
of the higher power versions. The airplane has a rather forward
CG compared to common taildraggers of the period. If you have
experience with the C-195 you know that on takeoff, if the
cowling moves 1" to the left, the tail has moved 1' to
the right! OTOH, the nose of the Swift moves dramatically
in relation to the tail. Don't get fooled though, where the
nose goes, shortly thereafter goes the tail!
Here is what I teach newcomers
to the "stock" Swift on takeoff procedure. It doesn't
matter to me how much time the "student" has in
tailwheel... Line up the airplane in the center of the runway
and let it roll forward a little to center the tailwheel.
With brakes off, start with the wheel (stick) all the way
back and bring power up continually to full power. Assuming
you have a steerable tailwheel you will find just application
of rudder in the desired direction will steer the airplane
OK. With non-steerable, just a small amount of brake in the
desired direction will do the same. If you run into a problem
with directional control at this point, reduce power and regroup.
As the airplane accelerates
keep an eye on the airspeed. Do not release back pressure
until you see the airspeed is alive. I've seen a lot of folks
start to rotate onto the main gear way too early! One thing
to remember is the elevator authority is much more effective
on the Swift than is the rudder at low speed. Somewhere about
40-45 MPH, you need to come forward with the stick. Not abruptly,
but with authority and continual movement until the weight
is firmly on the main gear, with the tail high. I know that
several forces are at work here... Gyroscopic effect from
the prop wanting to turn 90 degrees to the direction of rotation
(which means left), transition from tailwheel steering to
rudder, Left turning tendency from the straight mount (torque).
So, you will need to feed in rudder to counteract this turning
tendency. It may vary from full right rudder and some right
brake with a strong left crosswind, to nearly neutral or maybe
a touch of left rudder in a right crosswind condition. I would
not choose a takeoff with a tailwind component (if at all
possible); however, given the choice of a left or right crosswind,
I would opt for one from the right.
Here is the one place
I find Many/Most people get into trouble. They do NOT get
the tail up high enough. You have to get the airplane into
a negative angle of attack! There is three degrees of incidence
built into the wing, so the nose will seem very low! Plenty
of weight on the main gear! This allows the rudder to become
effective (gets it up in the breeze), and allows you to "drive"
the airplane with the rudder and if necessary brakes. If you
become aware that you are not maintaining directional control,
before you do anything else, start with more forward pressure.
You probably do not have the tail up high enough. More pressure
on the man gear will allow you to use more brake (if needed)
and the higher the tail will allow more rudder authority.
May seem hard to do, but a lot of Swifts have been lost at
this point. Either you are a pilot or a passenger. If directional
control is lost, you are a passenger. Use what you have working
for you! An RTO at this point is problematical at best. Not
impossible, but tricky. If you reduce the power abruptly what
will happen to the rudder authority? Where is the airplane
going to want to go? It is very easy to go from limited control,
to over-control, to loss of control in the wink of an eye!
As the airplane accelerates
through 60-65 MPH you can release forward pressure and allow
the airplane to transition to a positive angle of attack and
it will liftoff. I find with my airplane, I frequently use
full right rudder during the initial phase of the takeoff
roll and more often than not a little brake to keep the airplane
going straight down the runway. There is a definite difference
between the 125 HP and the 145 HP at this point! You don't
have to be a test pilot to notice the difference! I suggest
use of this technique until you are completely familiar with
your airplane, then you can modify the technique to what is
comfortable to your style of takeoff; however, in the initial
learning process, you will be a "happy camper" if
you go through the takeoff procedure as I describe it. This
is regardless of wind condition.
To be completely honest,
I use a little different technique myself for a takeoff with
no wind/no crosswind; however, when a crosswind is present
or anytime it is gusty, I revert back to this technique. It
has served me well for 38 years...Happy Swifting! Steve Wilson
HIGH AND HOT OPERATIONS...(060302)
Subj: A couple of Swift questions
From: Henry Dittmer <hdittmer@avaya.com
Monty,
I ordered the complete set of Swift books in preparation for
buying a plane. In that literature I could not find performance
numbers beyond those a sea level. Perhaps you could help.
I'm interested in the published take off distance and climb
rate for 6000ft at 80 degrees F. The plane is all original
Swift with metal prop and a O-300 engine. Also what is the
typical useful load for this plane? Thanks for any help or
reference, Henry
Henry
There is nothing published along those lines, probably because
there is so much variance between airplanes. At 6,000 feet
and 80 degrees a 145 hp Swift might be close to it's service
ceiling! If you were going to operate a Swift at high altitudes
and temperatures it would have to be optimized with the right
prop etc. A typical 145 Swift weighs about 1250 lbs, so with
the original GW of 1710 lbs, the useful load would be 460
lbs. One person who operates his Swift from a short strip
in the mountains is Don Bartholomew <diamondswift@earthlink.net>
he may be able give you more insight. -- Monty
...HERE IS DON'S REPLY...
Henry,
You are correct that much not is published for Swift performance.
What is, was for a 125 hp plane and was VERY optimistic with
the experiences I had. I live at 5,000 ft and when I came
here, my plane had 125 hp and I operated off a 6,000 ft runway
in a valley. I tried the plane both with an Aeromatic prop
and a fixed pitch metal prop. It would get off the ground
in about 2500-3000 ft and would fly in ground effect, but
climb was sometimes less than 50 ft/min. In the summer I always
had to find the gliders and circle with them to get out.
One thing you MUST do
with a Swift is to push the nose forward to gain speed to
climb. This is hard to talk yourself into when you are only
10' above ground, and it is rising. Depending on how the airspeed
is working, you need at least 80 mph and 90 to 95 mph is better.
I have flown 145 hp planes here and they are better, but in
most cases are still marginal. Since the 125 and 145 uses
a fixed pitch prop, you are down on hp both from altitude
and not making rated rpm. The prop you chose will make a big
difference. A cruse prop will not get off the ground there
in summer so cruse speed doesn't matter. A climb prop will
get off the ground and climb, but you could exceed redline
RPM at cruse. You may be happier with a Swift that has a bigger
engine with a constant speed prop, at least a 150 hp. The
prop, although heavier, makes a big difference in performance.
I currently have a 150 Lyc, constant speed prop, and operate
off a 2000' strip at 5,200'. I am careful in the summer since
there are obstacles I must clear 660' off the end of the runway.
Talk to Tracy Rhodes. He operates a 145 hp plane out of Reno
(5000'). He can give you a description of how his plane performs
and which prop he has. His email is TRhodes98k@cs.com.
One thing for sure, a
145 hp Swift at 5-6000' will teach you to fly with understanding
and finesse, something the big hp planes don't. If you get
a Swift, be sure to talk to someone that flys one at altitude
to find out the idiosyncrasies before you fly it. If you have
anymore questions, feel free to email or call. Number is 775-782-2992.
The computer is on the fritz right now, so email is unreliable
for the next week or so. -- Don
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